In the world of search engine optimization (SEO), backlinks play a crucial role in determining a website’s ranking and visibility. Backlinks are essentially links from other websites that point to your site, acting as a vote of confidence in the eyes of search engines like Google. However, this valuable tool has a dark side, as hackers have found ways to exploit backlinks for their own malicious purposes. In this article, we will explore how hackers use other websites to get free backlinks and promote malicious websites, and what website owners can do to protect themselves.

The Importance of Backlinks

Before delving into the tactics used by hackers, it’s essential to understand the importance of backlinks in the world of SEO. Backlinks are one of the most critical factors that search engines use to determine a website’s authority and relevance. When a website has a high number of quality backlinks, it signals to search engines that the site is trustworthy and valuable, which can lead to higher rankings and increased visibility.

However, not all backlinks are created equal. Search engines like Google have become increasingly sophisticated in their ability to distinguish between high-quality and low-quality backlinks. Low-quality backlinks, such as those from spammy or irrelevant websites, can actually harm a website’s ranking and reputation.

How Hackers Exploit Backlinks

Hackers have found ways to exploit the value of backlinks for their own malicious purposes. One common tactic is to use automated tools to create large numbers of low-quality backlinks to their malicious websites. These backlinks are often created on spammy or irrelevant websites, which can harm the reputation of the websites they are linking to.

Another tactic used by hackers is to exploit vulnerabilities in other websites to insert their own backlinks. This can be done through techniques such as SQL injection or cross-site scripting (XSS), which allow hackers to inject malicious code into a website’s database or HTML code. Once the backlinks are inserted, they can be used to promote the hacker’s malicious website or to redirect users to a phishing or malware site.

The Impact of Malicious Backlinks

The impact of malicious backlinks can be significant for both the website owner and the users who are redirected to the malicious site. For website owners, the presence of low-quality or malicious backlinks can harm their search engine rankings and reputation, leading to a loss of traffic and revenue. In some cases, search engines may even penalize a website for having too many low-quality backlinks, which can be difficult to recover from.

For users, the impact of malicious backlinks can be even more severe. Users who are redirected to a phishing or malware site may have their personal information stolen or their devices infected with malware. This can lead to financial loss, identity theft, and other serious consequences.

Protecting Your Website from Malicious Backlinks

Website owners can take several steps to protect themselves from malicious backlinks and the harm they can cause. One of the most important steps is to regularly monitor your website’s backlink profile using tools like Google Search Console or Ahrefs. This can help you identify any suspicious or low-quality backlinks and take action to remove them.

Another important step is to keep your website’s software and plugins up to date, as this can help prevent vulnerabilities that hackers can exploit to insert malicious backlinks. It’s also a good idea to use security plugins or services that can help detect and prevent malicious activity on your website.

Backlinks are a valuable tool for website owners looking to improve their search engine rankings and visibility. However, they also have a dark side, as hackers have found ways to exploit them for their own malicious purposes. By understanding the tactics used by hackers and taking steps to protect your website, you can help prevent the harm that malicious backlinks can cause. Remember to regularly monitor your website’s backlink profile, keep your software and plugins up to date, and use security tools to detect and prevent malicious activity.

We can’t clearly identify hackers at this moment but our search engine clawer has detected malicious websites that buy such illegal backlinks. Such links were attributed using style=”display:none” to make sure it is not visible to viewers. One good technique that search engines can do is not to allow hidden links and contents to hurt page reputation simply by ignoring them as hidden content. Here we give you a list of them. :

http://situs-akun-pro.lilys.com/products/akun-pro-kamboja
http://banyak-berdoa.lilys.com/products/akun-pro-thailand
http://akun-pro-thailand-server-luar.lilys.com/
http://slot-depositdana.lilys.com/
http://maxwinslotgacor.lilys.com/
http://slotgacormalamini.wr-tinggi.lilys.com/products/slot-gacor
http://ufabet.lilys.com/products/ufabet
http://ufabet.lilys.com/
http://ufabet.rememberingalife.com/
http://slotgacormalamini.wr-tinggi.lilys.com/
http://maxwin0slot.lilys.com/products/slot-maxwin
http://maxwin0slot.lilys.com/
http://gampang-menang.lilys.com/
http://gacor-2023.walesbonner.net/
http://sl0tgacor-gampangmenang.lilys.com/
http://sl0tgacor-gampangmenang.lilys.com/products/slot-gacor-maxwin
http://nexusslot.lilys.com/
http://nexusslot.lilys.com/products/nexus-slot
http://slot-dana-nexus.lilys.com/
http://slot-dana-nexus.lilys.com/products/slot-deposit-dana
http://sl0tgacor777.lilys.com/
http://data-sdy1.lilys.com/
http://slotgacorrrrrrr.lilys.com/
http://slotgacorrrrrrr.lilys.com/products/slot-gacor-2023
http://gamers-ganteng-idaman.lilys.com/products/slot-gacor-2023
http://demo-slot-rupiah.lilys.com/products/slot-demo
https://slots.stoelzle-lausitz.com/
https://slots.beziergames.com/
https://slot-gampangmenang.matthewwilliamson.com/
http://slot777-linkmaxwin.lilys.com/
http://slot777-linkmaxwin.lilys.com/products/slot777
http://slot.gacor-88.lilys.com/
http://slot.gacor-88.lilys.com/products/slot-gacor-88
http://slotluarnegeri.walesbonner.net/products/slot-server-luar
http://slotluarnegeri.walesbonner.net/products/slot-luar-negeri
http://slotluarnegeri.walesbonner.net/
http://slot-deposit-pulsa4.walesbonner.net/products/slot-4d
http://slot-deposit-pulsa4.walesbonner.net/
http://super-gacor-server-thailand-slot.lilys.com/
http://slot-gac0r-2023.lilys.com/products/slot-gacor-2023/
http://slot-gac0r-2023.lilys.com/
http://akun-pr0-thailand1.lilys.com/products/akun-pro-thailand
http://akun-pr0-thailand1.lilys.com/
http://pro-kamboja-asli.lilys.com/products/akun-pro-kamboja
http://pro-kamboja-asli.lilys.com/
http://foreign-slot.lilys.com/products/slot-luar-negeri
http://slot88-jp.lilys.com/products/slot88/
http://slot88-jp.lilys.com
http://akun-pr0-platinum.lilys.com/products/akun-pro-platinum
https://akun-pr0-platinum.lilys.com/
http://depo10k-slot.walesbonner.net/
http://depo10k-slot.walesbonner.net/products/slot-depo-10k
https://sl0t88.bambinomio.com/
https://sl0t88.bambinomio.com/products/slot88
http://thailand-pro-account.lilys.com/products/akun-pro-thailand
https://slot-gacor-malam-ini.bambinomio.com/products/slot-gacor-malam-ini
https://slot-gacor-malam-ini.bambinomio.com/
https://pgslot.buffalogardens.com/
https://pgslot.buffalogardens.com/products/pgslot
http://abroad-server-slot.lilys.com/products/slot-server-luar
https://idn-slot.merchmadeeasy.com/
https://idn-slot.merchmadeeasy.com/products/idnslot
https://slot88-2023.sammcknight.com/
https://slot88-2023.sammcknight.com/products/slot88
https://sl0t-thailand.merchmadeeasy.com/products/slot-thailand/
https://sl0t-thailand.merchmadeeasy.com/
https://slot-gacor-malam-ini.sammcknight.com/products/slot-gacor-malam-ini
https://sloter-luar-negeri.merchmadeeasy.com/
http://slot-maxwin-maks.lilys.com/products/slot-maxwin
http://maxwin-slot.sammcknight.com/products/maxwin-slot
https://slot-thailand1.ahlemeyewear.com/
https://slot-thailand1.ahlemeyewear.com/products/slot-thailand/
https://akun-thailand-pro.alterbridge.com/
https://akun-thailand-pro.alterbridge.com/products/akun-pro-thailand
http://slot-gacor-2023jp.lilys.com/
http://slot-gacor-2023jp.lilys.com/products/slot-gacor-2023
http://slot-dana.sammcknight.com/products/slot-dana
https://pgslot.rememberingalife.com/
https://pgslot.rememberingalife.com/products/pgslot
http://slot-demo-akun.lilys.com/
https://akun-pro-thailand.alterbridge.com/products/akun-pro-thailand
https://akun-pro-thailand.alterbridge.com/
https://slot77-pulsa.buffalogardens.com/products/slot777
http://sg88.lilys.com/
http://sg88.lilys.com/products/garansi-kekalahan-100
http://slot-n-rtp.lilys.com/
http://slot-n-rtp.lilys.com/products/slot-gacor-2023/
http://tonight-steady-slot.lilys.com/products/slot-gacor-malam-ini
https://bk8.stoelzle-lausitz.com/
http://slot-gacor-easytowin.lilys.com/products/slot-gacor-gampang-menang
http://steady-slot-maxwin.lilys.com/
https://slot-gacor-luar.ladelle.com/
https://slot-gacor2023.ahlemeyewear.com/
http://slot-depo-10k.sammcknight.com/products/slot-depo-10k
https://slot-luar-server.alterbridge.com/products/slot-luar-negeri/
https://slot-luar-server.alterbridge.com/
http://slot-malam-ini-gacor.rememberingalife.com/products/slot-gacor-malam-in
http://slot-malam-ini-gacor.rememberingalife.com/
https://slot-demo-rupiah.alterbridge.com
https://slot-demo-rupiah.alterbridge.com/products/slot-demo-rupiah
http://agen5000.walesbonner.net/
http://agen5000.walesbonner.net/products/deposit-slot5000/
http://slotdeposit-5000.oenling.com/
http://slotgacor2023.oenling.com/
http://slotgacor2023.oenling.com/products/slot-gacor-2023
http://situs-tot0.walesbonner.net/products/situs-toto/
http://situs-tot0.walesbonner.net/
http://slotgacor.88.walesbonner.net/
https://dana-slot.enamelpinfactory.com/
https://dana-slot.enamelpinfactory.com/products/slot-dana
https://slot-pulsa-indosat.crankbrothers.com/
https://slot-thailand-4d.stillspirits.com
https://slot-thailand-4d.stillspirits.com/products/link-slot-thailand-4d
https://demo-slot-rupiah.enamelpinfactory.com/
https://demo-slot-rupiah.enamelpinfactory.com/products/slot-demo/
https://bonanza-slotgacor.crankbrothers.com/
https://mposlot-gacor.crankbrothers.com/
http://slot-gopay5000.oenling.com/
http://slot-gopay5000.oenling.com/products/slot-gopay
https://akun-pro-jepun.enamelpinfactory.com/products/akun-pro-jepang
https://akun-pro-jepun.enamelpinfactory.com/
https://slot-bonus.santambroeus.com/
http://slotviaovo.walesbonner.net/
https://hoki-slot.sammcknight.com/
https://slotgacor-88.santambroeus.com/
https://slot-gacor777.smglobalshop.com/
https://slot-deposit-dana.santambroeus.com/
http://linkslot-mpo.walesbonner.net/
https://slotgacor-malamini.smglobalshop.com/
https://slot-hoki.smglobalshop.com/products/slot-hoki
https://slot-pulsa.smglobalshop.com/products/slot-pulsa
https://slotpulsa-indosat.smglobalshop.com/products/slot-pulsa
http://akun-pro-jepang.oenling.com/products/akun-pro-jepang
http://akun-pro-jepang.oenling.com/
http://sl0t-gacor-777.oenling.com/products/slot-gacor-777
http://sl0t-gacor-777.oenling.com/
https://slotgacor-gampang-menang.stoelzle-lausitz.com/
https://slot-maxwin-gacor.stoelzle-lausitz.com/
https://slot-maxwin-gacor.stoelzle-lausitz.com/products/slot-gacor-maxwin
https://akun-proplatinum.stoelzle-lausitz.com/
http://sl0t-gacormaxwin.lilys.com/products/slot-gacor-maxwin
http://sl0t-gacormaxwin.lilys.com/
https://sl0t-gacor-4d.stoelzle-lausitz.com/products/slot-gacor-4d
https://sl0t-gacor-4d.stoelzle-lausitz.com/
https://akun-pro-jepang.buffalogardens.com/
https://slot-gacor-legal.lundhumphries.com/
https://slot-luar.lundhumphries.com/
https://pasarantogel2.smglobalshop.com/
https://pasarantogel2.smglobalshop.com/products/pasarantogel2
http://ecolab.khnu.km.ua/
https://servicioseditoriales.unam.mx/trimestre_ojs3308/public/slot-gacor/
https://slot-luar-negeri.shaunleane.com/products/slot-luar-negeri
http://tour.khnu.km.ua/
https://slot-gacor-malam-ini.shaunleane.com/
https://slot-depo-10k.shaunleane.com/products/slot-depo-10k
https://slot-depo-10k.shaunleane.com/
https://slot-deposit-pulsa.shaunleane.com/products/slot777
https://slot-gacor-maxwin.allensboots.com/
https://akun-pro-thailand.shaunleane.com/products/akun-pro-thailand
https://akun-pro-thailand.shaunleane.com/
https://slotdepo5000.shaunleane.com/
https://slot-vip.shaunleane.com/
https://akun-pro-kamboja.shaunleane.com/products/akun-pro-kamboja
https://akun-pro-kamboja.shaunleane.com/
https://depo25bonus25.shaunleane.com/
http://slot-gacor-malam-ini.samvilla.com/
https://pasarantogel2.shaunleane.com/products/pasarantogel2
https://pasarantogel2.shaunleane.com/

According to a recent report from Goldman Sachs, a renowned global financial institution, the world economy is predicted to be predominantly led by Asian countries by 2050. However, among the top ten leading economies, there will also be a South American country.

The report highlights Brazil as the South American nation that is expected to secure a position within the top ten, showcasing significant economic growth with a projected nominal GDP of 8.7 trillion dollars. Goldman Sachs analysis indicates that Brazil is anticipated to hold the eighth position in the ranking of the world’s leading economic powers by 2050, maintaining this position even after 25 years.

It is important to note that despite the recent slowdown in real GDP growth across developed and emerging economies, there are still nations that will continue to dominate the global economic landscape in the years to come. According to Goldman Sachs, the five largest economies in the world by 2050 will be China, the United States, India, Indonesia, and Germany.

These projections are based on GDP estimates combined with long-term real exchange rate projections, which allow for the anticipation of the real value of the US dollar in major economies over time. Looking ahead to 2075, the United States is expected to face a more challenging outlook, as it would be surpassed by China and India, securing the third position. Indonesia, on the other hand, is projected to maintain its fourth position. Additionally, an African economy, Nigeria, is predicted to emerge and occupy the fifth position.

Overall, the report highlights the shifting dynamics of the global economy, with Asian countries and Brazil expected to play a significant role in driving growth and development. It also underscores the importance of long-term planning and investment in emerging markets, as these nations are likely to offer significant opportunities for businesses and investors in the years to come.

However, it is important to note that these projections are subject to change based on a range of factors, including political and economic developments, technological advancements, and shifts in global trade patterns. As such, it is crucial for policymakers and business leaders to remain vigilant and adaptable in the face of these changes, in order to ensure continued growth and prosperity for their respective nations and industries.

Being a money laundering haven, which was the main obstacle to its EU membership, or a tourist destination is not enough for Turkey, a third world country, to play the role of a first class country in terms of economy and finance by earning dirty money. We can all hear now the sound of its moaning and the devastation of its economic machine as one of the consequences of a long economic stagnation. The country is suffering deeply from the pandemic of declining tourism revenues and the real weaknesses of its economy, the one that was fueled by investments from around the world and the sale of real estate. The question is: “How will Erdogan’s government manage to control the protests of the population in the wake of a 300% inflation rate?

No one expected good inflation figures

The new peak reached since the AKP succeeded President Recep Tayyip Erdogan in power 20 years ago is fueling debate about it. A journalist and law professor Ersan Sen argue loudly on television. Sen says 59 percent of people can’t get by on their money anymore. “And another 27 percent say they are about to.”

People in an Istanbul market describe how bad the situation is for them. There is talk of inflation as high as 50 percent in a few weeks. One man says he keeps a close eye on rising prices. “I go to the market twice a week, on Monday and Thursday. And I always shop at the same stalls. But even between Monday and Thursday, the prices go up,” he says. Government talks about good tradeIn contrast, if you listen to Turkish Finance Minister Nureddin Nebati, things don’t sound so crazy. In a speech after the announcement of the new inflation rate, he gives the impression that he is trying to say, “Crisis – what kind of crisis?” The economy’s capacity utilization is around 79 to 80 percent, Nebati says. “In fact, the Turkish economy and population are not only living with high inflation since the new figures were announced. Inflation has been in double digits for years. But this is eating away at both the reserves of companies and the savings of the country’s inhabitants.

Experts expect a further rise experts like Hakki Öztürk, from the renowned Bahcesehir University, do not see the situation easing. “Inflation can go up to 70 percent and then fall back a bit,” he says. “In the best case, it will be around 45 to 50 percent by the end of the year.” Personnel costs are low. By contrast, price increases in other areas are all the more significant. In the transport sector alone, official statistics indicate an inflation rate of about 100 percent per year. Energy prices, which have recently risen sharply internationally, are acting as a catalyst in Turkey, which has few raw materials and depends on imports.

Low interest rates for more investment

Government is primarily responsible, says expert Öztürk. In defiance of all economic principles, it has continued to lower interest rates. “If there had been no interest rate cut, neither the exchange rate would have been as bad, nor inflation as high – and interest rates on government bonds in dollars and Turkish lira would not be as high either,” says Öztürk.Low interest rates for more investment – that is the heart of the so-called Turkish economic model. Low interest rates for more investment – that’s the heart of the so-called Turkish economic model. it will take time for it to work, says Finance Minister Nebati. It’s true: interest rates are low relative to inflation. And the exchange rate of the lira against other currencies has also stabilized – albeit at a low level.and this will continue, says Nebati: “Then agriculture will produce more. There will also be a boom here because of the good weather. Trade is also alive – and hopefully the war will end soon. And: Our income from tourism will increase beyond our expectations.”

Concerns in the tourism industry

At the same time, tourism entrepreneurs are worried about the war in Ukraine. For recently, a few million Russians and Ukrainians have come to Turkey. But none of this is due to the misery in which the opposition sees the country. According to the spokesman for the largest opposition party, the CHP, Faik Öztrak, only the government is to blame. “They said they would make Turkey one of the ten largest economies. But they only placed it among the ten countries with the highest inflation in the world,” Öztrak said. “Who is responsible for all this? Who is the head of the government of this country? Of course: Recep Tayyip Erdogan.”

What if a possible Chinese invasion of Taiwan with the intention of obtaining (however politely!!!) the latest IC manufacturing technology results in the ashes of that technology? Isn’t it strategic to destroy at the right time the American technology used in TSMC making it inaccessible to the Chinese? The answer is ‘Yes’.

TSMC, for Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, is today the most strategic company in the world. Because it is practically the only one who knows how to manufacture the latest generation electronic chips. Because these chips, also called semiconductors (from the name of the property of the silicon substrate), are everywhere, in our kitchens, our living rooms, our telephones, our cars and the machines that manufacture them.

But also because Taiwan, where they are produced, is at the center of a standoff between China and the United States which could very soon lead to an armed conflict. Fighter planes and battleships criss-cross the sky and the waters of the Taiwan Strait which separates the island from its communist big sister.

With in particular for stake, the control of TSMC. However, the science behind such technology must reside in minds smart enough to know how to control and even sabotage at the right time. It seems that by using this simple strategic technique to destroy such tech by installed right equipments, the Chinese will become more polite and perhaps less savage!

China has changed and is no longer the “developing country” sometimes described in the past. Apart from its importance in trade with Europe, it is an actor with which relations have intensified in the fields of research and development or in that of technology. For the EU, China is both an economic partner and competitor, and a system and governance rival or alternative .

The objectives of the partnership
The EU’s primary objective is to be united against the Chinese giant. In March 2019, the European Commission published a strategic plan for China including concrete actions such as, for example:

To defend the objectives of the United Nations in matters of human rights, peace and security;

Commit to reducing CO2 emissions for the climate (China being both the first emitter, a builder of coal plants in other countries, but also the country that invests the most in renewable energies);

Agree with China to ensure peace and security in areas or countries where Beijing has influence such as Iran, the Horn of Africa, North Korea or the Gulf of Aden. Potential conflicts are numerous, including in the China Sea;

Find reciprocity in trade by avoiding protectionism or excessive support for local industries (via the WTO), as well as the difficulties linked to state ownership of certain companies;

Take into account in public contracts not only the price criterion, but also the working environment;

Strengthen security related to new technologies (such as 5G) to prevent hacking and espionage.

The aim of this plan is to adopt a less “naive”, more pragmatic and more realistic approach to the PRC, without giving in to overbidding, escalation or trade war. Balance is therefore difficult to find. But it is true that on each of the above points, examples abound of European failures. Overall, China has captured many markets by adopting operating rules that have allowed it to exercise “unfair competition” . To maintain its exchanges with Beijing, the European Union must therefore adopt a more offensive strategy.

Lessons from the past
Historically, the first diplomatic relations were established in 1975. A first strategic partnership plan was adopted in 2003. Others followed, until the recent “EU-China 2020 Strategic Agenda for Cooperation” plan , adopted in 2013.

This, now replaced by new objectives, remained very political and not very economical. The areas dealt with concerned peace, security, information, urbanization, climate, social progress, culture, education … Of course, the major sectors such as transport, aeronautics, energy , agriculture and more generally science and innovation were also discussed, but often succinctly to indicate that the two entities will cooperate and develop “joint initiatives” (joint laboratories, data exchange, etc.).

Finally, it seems after a few years that this has been done for the benefit of China. The example of the development of aeronautics or biotechnologies in China shows that Western countries have lost more than gained, both in terms of market share and technology transfer.

In the early 2000s, for example, France sold hundreds of Airbus A320s under contracts signed during official visits, with production and assembly in China as a counterpart with transfer of knowledge. Today, the China Commercial Aircraft Corporation is able to produce a new C919 aircraft , which will compete directly with the Airbus A320. The certificate of airworthiness could arrive this year and nearly a thousand orders have already been placed.

Today’s relationships and instruments
Moreover, despite these strategic plans, economic relations remain dependent on current events.

Even if the latest plan mentions the situation in Xinjiang (Uyghur Autonomous Region), a few words at a press conference can deteriorate relations. Recently, the European sanctions linked to the fate of the Uyghurs provoked the anger of China, which reacted with counter-sanctions which can go beyond the diplomatic sphere and result in the calling into question of trade agreements and in particular of the “Comprehensive Agreement on Investments” . However, these advances are crucial from an economic point of view. For example, German (Volkswagen, Siemens, BMW) or French (banks in particular) companies expect a lot.

In addition, China remains very firm in its will to implement its famous “Belt and Road Initiative”, and the countries of Eastern Europe are on the way. Moreover, relations with the European Union are often referred to as “17 + 1” (or 16 + 1), counting the countries of the East as one, which allows China to negotiate directly with them.

Other disputes over 5G and Huawei or the origin of the Covid also disrupt these relations. Europeans Nokia and Ericsson could provide the EU with 5G infrastructure, but Huawei is better placed on the price / quality level. Also, beyond these economic questions, political choices are taken into account, particularly with regard to security conditions , such as those related to data protection or the risk of espionage. With diplomatic language, we indicate that the EU is not opposed to any company but must avoid dependence on risky suppliers … China, for its part, sees it as disguised protectionism.

Despite everything, trade is important: the EU is the second largest trading power and the largest exporter of products and services. Together, China, Europe and the United States account for 46% of international merchandise trade in 2019. EU trade in goods (exports and imports) with the rest of the world represents around 15% of trade global. For goods, Europe’s leading export partners are the United States (406 billion) then China (210 billion), and in terms of imports, China (394 billion) then the United States (267 billion) according to Eurostat:

China EU.

In trade matters, the European Commission negotiates free trade agreements with the rest of the world, but the Member States have their say, through the Council of the EU (consulted) and the Parliament (which has a power of veto). The official objective of the EU is set in the Functioning Treaty of the European Union which specifies in its article 206:

“The Union contributes, in the common interest, to the harmonious development of world trade, to the gradual abolition of restrictions on international trade and foreign direct investment, as well as to the reduction of customs and other barriers. “

As a result, economic policy with China is turned, as in other geographic areas (Canada, Japan, etc.) towards negotiations aimed at developing trade and not protectionism. Nevertheless, the EU has equipped itself with tools to defend against unfair practices with very extensive competition law. The examples of sanctions against American firms (digital giants) are emblematic of this power.

In addition, the EU has integrated into its new trade strategy adopted in February 2021 called “Trade policy review: An open, sustainable and assertive trade policy” the respect of the Paris agreements on the climate and the respect of European standards (environmental by example). Without explicitly targeting China, these rules are a way of guiding economic policy.

They are accompanied by the trade defense instruments mentioned above. Anti-dumping is a typical example. A product is considered to have benefited from dumping when its selling price in Europe is lower than the price in the exporting country. This practice, which aims to capture markets in order to find itself in a dominant position, is often criticized against China. European legislation therefore aims today to speed up decision-making before it is too late because the markets and shareholdings are changing very quickly.

A recent example can be cited with the leather shoes imported from China . In 2006, to counter this dumping, the EU took radical measures by imposing customs duties of 19.4% on Chinese exporters on the grounds that they benefited from state subsidies contrary to WTO rules.

In conclusion, the EU intends to show its strength in its economic relations with China. For this, in addition to bilateral discussions, it strives to play a leading role within the World Trade Organization (WTO) by giving the Commission a negotiating role for all the Member States and expressing itself with one voice when negotiating trade treaties, instead of lining up behind the United States or leaving in disarray.

Trump’s policies toward China and the rest of the world, including Third World countries, will not give Biten any leverage as president. The global economy is expected to grow by 4% in 2021, provided that the initial rollout of COVID-19 vaccines results in massive vaccination campaigns throughout the year. However, the recovery is likely to remain modest if policymakers do not take decisive action to halt the pandemic and implement investment-friendly reforms, says the World Bank in its latest biennial edition of the World Economic Outlook .

Despite the recovery of the global economy after contracting 4.3% in 2020, the pandemic has taken a heavy toll in terms of morbidity and mortality and plunged millions into poverty. The U.S. election also ended with a victory for Biden. Thus, economic activity may be slowed for many months to come and income may fall significantly. The immediate priority for politicians is to stop the spread of the coronavirus and quickly organize mass vaccination campaigns. To sustain the recovery, authorities must also promote an investment cycle that promotes sustainable growth and is less reliant on public debt.

“As the global economy looks set for a timid recovery, policymakers face enormous challenges – whether in public health, debt management, fiscal policy, central bank action or structural reform – to ensure that this still fragile momentum is confirmed and lays the foundation for solid growth , said David Malpass, president of the World Bank Group . To overcome the impact of the pandemic and face the headwinds to investment, we need to give a decisive boost to efforts to improve the business environment, increase labor and product market flexibility, and improve transparency and accountability. governance. ”

The downturn in the global economy in 2020 is expected to be slightly less severe than expected, mainly due to a smaller contraction in advanced economies and a stronger recovery in China. On the other hand, activity in most emerging markets and developing economies has been more severely disrupted than expected.

“The financial weaknesses of most of these countries will also need to be addressed, as vulnerable households and businesses bear the brunt of the growth shocks ,” said Carmen Reinhart, vice president and chief economist of the World Bank Group .

The near-term outlook is highly uncertain, with different growth scenarios remaining possible, as outlined in the report. Under a pessimistic scenario of a continued increase in infection and a slowdown in vaccine deployment, the global economy could regain only 1.6% by 2021. In contrast, in the case of a containment of the pandemic and accelerated vaccination, the growth rate could reach almost 5%.

The rebound that began in advanced economies stalled in the third quarter of 2020, slowed by the increase in infections, raising fears of a slow and difficult recovery. After a contraction estimated at 3.6% for 2020, US GDP is expected to rebound to 3.5% in 2021. The Eurozone is expected to post growth of 3.6% in 2021, after contracting 7.4% in 2020. In Japan, activity is expected to increase by 2.5% in 2021, after contracting by 5.3% in 2020.

Total GDP in emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs), including China, is expected to grow by 5% in 2021, after contracting 2.6% in 2020. China’s economy is expected to grow by 7.9%, up from 2% in 2020. Excluding China, projections for the EMDE group assume a 3.4% increase in 2021, following a 5% contraction in 2020. Activity in low-income economies would increase by 3.3% in 2021, following a 0.9% decline in 2020.

The analytical chapters of the latest edition of the World Economic Outlook focus on the amplifying effects of the pandemic on debt accumulation; its potential impact on long-term growth in the absence of coordinated reforms; and the risks associated with PIEs’ use of monetary policy in the form of asset purchase programs.

“The pandemic has greatly increased debt risks in emerging markets and developing economies, as slow growth threatens to further increase debt burdens and erode the ability of borrowing countries to secure their debts. repayment , emphasizes Ayhan Kose, World Bank Acting Vice President for the Equitable Growth, Finance and Investment Division

Within the framework of the China-Africa Cooperation Forum (FOCAC), Hunan Province has opened a base for agricultural development and cooperation between China and Africa.

This structure is tasked with establishing and developing cross-border “soft power” cooperation in areas such as agricultural production technologies, agricultural management systems and agricultural standards.

The structure will also provide intellectual support and a decision-making measure to promote the high-quality development of agricultural economic and trade cooperation between China and Africa.

Established by the Faculty of Economics of Hunan Agricultural University and affiliated with the China-Africa Economic and Trade Cooperation Research Institute, the base focuses on advanced agricultural science and technology and the integration of domestic and foreign agricultural research resources.

The research focuses on advanced theories, China-Africa agricultural production technologies, agricultural management systems and international trade in agricultural products.

The base will establish a series of centers for information and data, technology development and cooperation, talent training, as well as innovation in the China-Africa agricultural sector, to establish a think tank that is leading in the country and internationally renowned.

In September 2018, at the opening ceremony of the FOCAC Summit in Beijing, Chinese President Xi Jinping announced that in the next three years, the focus will be on implementing the “eight key initiatives” defined for China-Africa cooperation: industrial sector promotion, infrastructure connectivity, trade promotion, green development, capacity building, health, people-to-people exchanges, as well as peace and security.

Xi Jinping also clarified that “China will support Africa in its efforts to essentially achieve food security by 2030, and will develop and implement with Africa an action program for modernization cooperation, implement 50 agricultural assistance projects, provide emergency food aid of one billion yuan to affected African countries, send 500 high-level agronomists to Africa, and train young researchers for Africa eminent agronomists and pioneering agricultural entrepreneurs.”

According to statistics, China has signed memoranda of understanding or cooperation protocols on agriculture with nearly 20 countries in Africa. During this period, China has built agricultural technology demonstration centers in about 20 countries on the continent.

In addition to structures, China has sent nearly 100 groups of experts to nearly 40 African countries and tested more than 300 crop varieties on the African continent. “China is working hand in hand with a large number of developing countries, including African countries, to address global food challenges and achieve the Millennium Development Goals set by the United Nations,” the agency wrote. release, Xinhua.

While researchers have gone for 6G (5G and beyond) the US has decided to fund companies to compete with Huawei 5G! Still in the crosshairs of the United States, which has not frankly succeeded in dissuading their allied countries from providing at home equipment for 5G, Huawei and ZTE may not be at the end of their troubles. Parliamentarians have formulated a bill to finance the development of Western alternatives to Chinese telecom technologies, up to $ 1.25 billion.

A group of American parliamentarians, made up of Democratic and Republican senators, proposed a law Tuesday January 14, 2020 so that the federal government financially supports the development of “Western alternatives to the equipment of Chinese Huawei and ZTE ” . The United States would pay up to $ 1.25 billion. A way, according to these politicians who express fears for the national economy and security, to compensate for the important public subsidy granted to these companies by the Beijing government . Yet another measure when the United States has failed to push the allied countries to boycott the Chinese giants.

FINANCING AND RULES

The bill, titled Utilizing Strategic Allied (USA) Telecommunications, aims to “encourage competition against Huawei by capitalizing on American technological advantages and accelerating the adoption of an open architecture (O-RAN) , which would allow suppliers to enter the specific network components market . ” In detail, the text proposes that the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) release $ 750 million – or 5% of its annual budget – to create a fund dedicated to R&D in mobile technologies and managed by an agency of the Department of Trade. The proposal also encourages the creation of a multilateral fund, financed with foreign partners and endowed with a budget of $ 500 million.

The implementation of a transition plan is also planned to help telecom operators of small size to buy future equipment compatible with the standards thus adopted. Parliamentarians also want to strengthen the weight of the United States in international standardization bodies and for the FCC to harmonize its frequency allocation procedure so as to ” create new opportunities for equipment manufacturers, while promoting economies of scale” .

“The decisions we make today around 5G will be felt over the decades to come. If the massive adoption of this technology has the potential to revolutionize the business world, it brings its own risks to national security. It would be disastrous if Huawei, which operates on behalf of the Chinese government, army and intelligence, seizes this market without being controlled. This text will help to maintain the competitive advantage and the integrity of the United States. , encouraging Westerners to develop innovative, accessible and safe alternatives, ” said Republican Senator Richard Burr, chairman of the Intelligence Committee.

TELECOM SUPPLIERS AND OPERATORS WELCOME THE TEXT

If the Democrats are united with the Republicans against the Chinese giants, they do, however, share differences over the conduct to adopt vis-à-vis Western countries. “The Trump administration is moralizing to our allies about the risks they face in relying on Chinese technology rather than working to replace it ,” said Senator Bob Menendez, member of the Committee on International Relations. ” This law, which will provide resources for the private sector, is the long-awaited first step in the right direction. As I said before, confronting China does not mean the same as competing with it.”

The industry has welcomed the bill with enthusiasm. “We support this text to move towards open and virtualized infrastructures, which will accelerate the integration and deployment of 5G while reducing costs. It will reinforce American innovation in the field of mobile technologies and provide telecom operators with options safer to build their network, ” responded VMware through the voice of Allwyn Sequeira, vice president of telecom and cloud products. Beyond the suppliers, the telecom operators also seem to find their account there.”Communications security is central to the economic prosperity of our nation. It requires industry, government and residents to work together to build and maintain standards. We are at the disposal of Congress to this measure is successful, ” said Robert Fisher, vice president in charge of federal government relations at Verizon.

Note that other players intend to capitalize on Huawei’s difficulties. The South Korean Samsung has, for example, bought TeleWold Solutions to launch into the 5G network infrastructure in the United States . The coming months will be crucial for the future of the sector.

According to a large international study carried out in France and in eight other countries by Coleman Parkes Research, large companies have significant data management shortcomings. The main cause is the lack of sanitation once the terminals have reached the end of their life.

Its title sums it up perfectly: “A false sense of security.” A study *, commissioned by the Blancco Technology group and carried out in August 2019 by Coleman Parkes Research, warns of poor practices in terms of data management. While computer attacks of all kinds are increasing internationally, large companies would demonstrate an “exaggerated trust” , unfounded, which would result in increasing the risk of hacking. If 61% of them say they are “very concerned” about them, 68% paradoxically admit that they use a large proportion of end-of-life devices … which makes them a target of choice.

POOR PRACTICE

Among the 1,850 business leaders surveyed, 251 are French. Based on their statements, the study estimates that around “one in two takes considerable risks when cleaning up the data” . Unsuitable methods, such as formatting, overwriting using non-certified tools or physical destruction (demagnetization, grinding) without audit, are at the top of the vulnerability factors (47%). Ways of doing things that “leave the door open to security and compliance problems” , according to the study, which points out that 8% of companies simply do not carry out remediation.

Another downside for companies: their annoying tendency to accumulate reserves of non-operational equipment on site – up to 87% of them in France, the maximum of the nine countries studied. Thus, only 2% declare immediately erasing data from end-of-life equipment, while 75% wait at least two weeks. “Failing to maintain a clear chain of responsibility” , 28% of large French companies even claim not to have an audit trail for the physical destruction process … and 36% say they do not record the serial number of the disks concerned.

A SITUATION TO ADDRESS IN EMERGENCY

The study reveals other trends. Out of 100 large French companies, 20 have not implemented a differentiated process for SSD and HDD drives, running the risk of not deleting all their data and of not complying with the standards in force. In addition, the companies surveyed reported that 20% of their devices are stored within their premises without being subject to specific measures. “A situation which highlights a huge security problem, which they must immediately remedy,” say the authors of this barometer.

“Large French companies worry about data when their devices reach the end of their life. Although they are aware of the risks involved, many of them still decide to adopt an inadequate protection approach , explains Fredrik Forslund, Vice President of Erasing Solutions for Large Businesses and Clouds at Blancco. This highlights huge, worrying gaps in this sector and among French leaders regarding the security and compliance implications of physical destruction and storage. equipment at end of life. ”

BETTER INTERNATIONAL, BUT THE SITUATION REMAINS PROBLEMATIC

Internationally, the situation seems slightly better … even if similar biases are noted. Many multinationals also claimed to use different methods of data deletion. Out of 100 companies surveyed: 17 declared to use physical destruction, 13 to erase or encrypt encryption, 12 to overwrite with free software and 7 using paid software. “It is particularly worrying to note that 4% of the foreign companies questioned do not use any method of data cleaning , ” notes the study.

Almost as many companies as in France admit to stocking IT equipment out of service (80%). Only 13% say they immediately erase their end-of-life equipment, compared to 57% within two weeks at best. When asked about their safety concerns related to end-of-life equipment, almost three-quarters of them (73%) agree that the number of end-of-life devices makes them vulnerable to data piracy and more than two thirds (68%) have real concerns about the risks of cyberattacks linked to these same devices. If, in France and abroad, awareness of the risks involved is developed, there are therefore far too few acts.

“The sleeping elephant has now started to run.” This quote from Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi sums up the current economic situation of India, now the sixth largest economy in the world. In the second quarter of 2018, India’s growth reached 8.2% compared to the same period of the previous year. A figure well above that of China (6.7%), which is facing a slowdown confirmed.

This growth is due to the dynamism of domestic demand. The most promising sectors are manufacturing (+ 13.5%), construction (+ 8.7%) and agriculture (+ 5%). Three branches that employ a large workforce. At the same time, household consumption increased by two points, from 6.7% in the first quarter to 8.6% in the second quarter. The figures are therefore rather comfortable from a national point of view but also internationally. According to an IMF report released on August 8, 2018, India alone generates 15 percent of global economic growth.

The clash of inequalities
Nevertheless these impressive performances hide a more nuanced reality. In the third quarter, the Indian economy lost a point of growth (7.1%). Blame the global slowdown and trade tensions. And even if this drop in pace is not worrying, it highlights several problems weighing on the Indian economy. For example, how do you integrate every month the one million young people entering the job market? For India to create jobs at the scale of its needs, it would need at least 8% growth. “Any GDP below 8% has very important ramifications for the economy. Below 7 or 7.5%, this could potentially hinder job creation, “said Ashutosh Datar, an independent economist in New Delhi.

Another major challenge is that the Indian economy, although flourishing, is failing to overcome inequalities. According to the latest World Bank report on poverty: in 2012, more than 20 percent of India’s population (240 million people) lived on less than two dollars a day. The daily Hindustan Times, cited by Courrier International, was also concerned about the French crisis of yellow vests: “India is not totally immune to a similar phenomenon in many regions, farmers are struggling with an unprecedented agrarian crisis, while “too few jobs are created”. In addition, a report from Credit Suisse recently underlined, the inequality index went from 81.3 in 2013 to 85.4 in 2018, on a scale of 0 to 100. In these circumstances, warns the Indian daily,

The growth of the Indian economy has confirmed its sharp acceleration (+ 8.2%) from April to June, according to official figures. The South Asian giant’s GDP grew 8.2 percent year-over-year in the first quarter of its current fiscal year, which runs from April 1, 2018 to March 31, 2019.

There was a rebound in the Indian economy that had suffered from the demonetization that had been improvised by the Modi government in late 2016 , confirmed by experts. The strongest notes were taken out of circulation and this created a lot of difficulty, including social problems for small businesses. It had also weighed on growth. We are now out of this bad patch.

The April-June figure is even higher than the 7.6% forecast of a panel of economists surveyed by Bloomberg. In the previous quarter (January-March), India had recorded growth of 7.7%.

This sustained growth rate is vital for the government of the Hindu nationalist Narendra Modi. But the Indian economy remains vulnerable to rising oil prices and the depreciation of the rupee, which is currently at historic lows against the dollar.

It’s an economy that is asserting itself but still has weaknesses but many hopes. And we must ask ourselves the right questions, such as whether growth really ensures development in the full sense of the term, that is to say beyond the downward trend of the poverty rate.

The Chinese national cryptocurrency is almost ready, according to a senior executive of the People’s Bank of China. Its date of commissioning however remains unclear but we know the major institutions that will support its launch.

Forbes revealed on August 27 some additional details on the Chinese cryptocurrency. According to the US magazine, quoting Paul Schulte, former director of financial strategy of China Construction Bank, the launch of this cryptocurrency will be supported by seven institutions: the Agricultural Bank of China, Bank of China, Union Pay (its credit card network), Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, China Construction Bank, e-merchant Alibaba and Tencent, owner of WeChat. An eighth player, whose name has not been revealed, could join these partners. According to an anonymous source still quoted by Forbes, the official launch would take place on November 11 on the occasion of the Single Day, day of promotions and record sales in the country. The Chinese , who seems to have taken the lead over other industry players by announcing the launch of a sovereign cryptomonnaie, would become the first country to adopt an official virtual currency.

The Chinese cryptocurrency is ” operational “, in the words of Mu Changchun, deputy director of the payments department of the People’s Bank of China, at an event organized by the China Finance 40 Forum. An announcement that echoes recent comments by Huawei CEO Zhengfei Ren, who told Corriere della Sera that China should issue cryptocurrencies.

ELECTRONIC MONEY WITHOUT DECENTRALIZATION

According to the 80 patents filed – Chinese institutions have been working on a sovereign cryptocurrency project since 2014 – it will be accessible to individuals and businesses in the form of a mobile application. Yuan is transformed into digital assets that make and receive payments, with trade taking place under the auspices of the People’s Bank of China. Eventually, it must replace the circulating species (M0).

Another clarification of the senior executive of the PBoC reported on August 12, 2019 by Reuters : this cryptocurrency will evolve simultaneously on two separate payment networks, that of the Central Bank and that of retail banks, with in part the use of technology Blockchain. But other technologies are being studied to support the bulk of the country’s transactions as a whole.

Unlike other cryptocurrencies, institutional control is total. Government objectives: to control and stabilize the financial system and also support the circulation and internationalization of the yuan, to which the crypto-yuan will be backed. In a context of trade tensions with the United States , China could find here the way to get rid of the dollar.

CRYPTOCURRENCY UNWELCOME BY CHINESE AUTHORITIES

In any case, it has in recent times prepared the ground for the launch of its cryptocurrency by restricting the margin of maneuver of the players in the sector. The ICO (initial offerings corner ) are banned since 2017, and the country plans to ban mining bitcoin is to say validating a transaction bitcoins. China has also closed 124 crypto foreign exchanges.

Technology giants invited to fund studies on the consequences of social media. Research on Internet use and mental health hampered by lack of accurate data. If technology giants provide data on how kids use apps, better research could be done.

Scientists say social media companies need to report how kids use the Internet to support life-saving research.

Technology giants have also been invited to fund studies on the consequences of using social media.

Research on the links between Internet use and mental health is hampered by the lack of accurate data indicating which websites are used by children and how much time they spend online.

But if Facebook, Instagram and Snapchat provided anonymized data on how children use their apps, it would allow much more accurate and useful scientific research.

Light Fidelity technology, which sends and receives data using LED light, is the ultimate wireless technology. It remains to be seen if it will be able to compete with wi-fi or 5G, or if it will simply remain complementary.

After copper wire, radio waves and optical fiber, will light be the future vehicle of digital information? This is the promise of li-fi (abbreviation of “light fidelity”), the equivalent of wi-fi for light. This technology, which will be the star of the Global Li-Fi Congress from June 11 to 13 in Paris, takes advantage of LEDs, these semiconductors capable of lighting up several million times per second without damage and without this being noticeable. for the eye.

The li-fi technology appeared in 2010 in several laboratories. Notably at the Universities of Versailles and Edinburgh, where researcher Harald Haas, also co-founder of PureLifi, invented the term “light fidelity” and introduced the technology for the first time in 2011 : “We used the possibilities offered by LEDs and developed a signal processing technique for the first time to transmit data at very high speed from standard LEDs. ”

The performances, initially mediocre, are now “comparable to those displayed by the wi-fi,” says Sylvain Leroux, Technocentre Orange. Last February the PureLifi presented a chip to transmit information at 1 gigabit / second. In an Oxford lab, researchers have even reached the speed of 224 gigabits per second.

Yet li-fi, the latest in wireless transmission technology, is still unobtrusive. Difficult to make a place for the wi-fi and future 5G. The challenge now is to find uses. Last year, the young company Oledcomm stood out at CES in Las Vegas with its MyLifi desk lamp . This first consumer product has not been successful. “The use cases were very limited,” says Benjamin Azoulay, CEO of the company.

Huawei Technologies Co seems to be going very quickly to prepare for the launch of its self-developed operating system: the Chinese technology giant has indeed delivered 1 million smartphones equipped with this software for testing.

This initiative is part of Huawei’s broader efforts to offset the impact of the US government’s ban on the world’s second-largest smartphone provider and the world’s largest telecom equipment manufacturer.

Institutional broker Rosenblatt Securities, an agency specialist, said in a report on the smart phone supply chain that Huawei has delivered 1 million smartphones with its “HongMeng” operating system, developed independently for tests.

According to the report, Huawei’s internal software would be compatible with all Android applications and would have “enhanced security features to protect personal data.”

According to the China Daily, Yu Chengdong, CEO of Huawei’s consumer group, said in a previous report that the company’s own operating system would be available “this fall or next spring at the latest. “.

The Huawei operating system will be compatible with mobile phones, computers, tablets, TVs, cars and smart portable devices, Yu said in a WeChat group of Internet experts.

These comments came after Google announced that it would partially exclude Huawei devices from its Android operating system to comply with the restrictions imposed by the United States on the Chinese company. But the US government announced on May 20 that it could delay its ban, which would give Huawei’s existing devices access to Android for 90 days.

In order to prepare a backup plan for worst-case scenarios, Huawei has been working for a long time on developing its own operating system. As part of the latest developments on the subject, Huawei Central, a website dedicated to news about the company, announced that Huawei had filed applications for the registration of the trademark “HongMeng” from almost all property organizations intellectual possibilities worldwide.

According to Huawei Central, the HongMeng registration application has been filed in countries and regions such as Canada, Mexico, South Korea, Australia and Europe.

At the same time, Google would also warn the US administration that it could jeopardize US national security if it enforced Huawei’s export restrictions, demanding to be exempted from any bans.

According to Xiang Ligang, general manager of the Information Consumption Alliance, Google’s argument is mainly motivated by a fear that the operating system developed by Huawei will reduce the dominance of Android in the global smartphone market.